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	<title>Comments on: KMS, Gibbs &amp; zeta function</title>
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	<description>lieven le bruyn&#039;s blog</description>
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		<title>By: lieven</title>
		<link>http://www.neverendingbooks.org/index.php/kms-gibbs-zeta-function.html/comment-page-1#comment-5006</link>
		<dc:creator>lieven</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 22 Feb 2008 09:19:27 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>&lt;p&gt;I&#039;d probably start gently by asking them what kind of group G has real group algebra [tex]\mathbb{R} G = \mathbb{R}[x,x^{-1}][/tex]? Hopefully, they&#039;ll answer &#039;G must be infinite cyclic!&#039; and then I&#039;ll ask them whether they believe that [tex]\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}[/tex] is generated by one element? finitely many elements? countably many elements? 
By that time they will understand that these group-algebras are strange beasts and have nothing to do with affine algebraic geometry.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The groupalgebra of [tex]\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}[/tex] is &#039;somewhat&#039; nicer in that it is at least countably generated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;So even if there is no affine variety associated to the group-algebra I&#039;ll ask them what they think the &#039;points&#039; of any geometrical object associated to it should be. Again, hopefully, they&#039;ll respond something like : the one-dimensional representations of the group.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fine! so what are they? this may take some time to explain to them but eventually we&#039;ll agree that this is something like [tex]\hat{\mathbb{Z}}[/tex] which then may take us eventually to [tex]\prod&lt;em&gt;p \mathbb{Z}_p[/tex] and then if there is still plenty of time and interest left to the adeles...&lt;/p&gt;
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;d probably start gently by asking them what kind of group G has real group algebra [tex]\mathbb{R} G = \mathbb{R}[x,x^{-1}][/tex]? Hopefully, they&#8217;ll answer &#8216;G must be infinite cyclic!&#8217; and then I&#8217;ll ask them whether they believe that [tex]\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}[/tex] is generated by one element? finitely many elements? countably many elements?<br />
By that time they will understand that these group-algebras are strange beasts and have nothing to do with affine algebraic geometry.</p>
<p>The groupalgebra of [tex]\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}[/tex] is &#8216;somewhat&#8217; nicer in that it is at least countably generated.</p>
<p>So even if there is no affine variety associated to the group-algebra I&#8217;ll ask them what they think the &#8216;points&#8217; of any geometrical object associated to it should be. Again, hopefully, they&#8217;ll respond something like : the one-dimensional representations of the group.</p>
<p>Fine! so what are they? this may take some time to explain to them but eventually we&#8217;ll agree that this is something like [tex]\hat{\mathbb{Z}}[/tex] which then may take us eventually to [tex]\prod<em>p \mathbb{Z}_p[/tex] and then if there is still plenty of time and interest left to the adeles&#8230;</em></p>
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		<title>By: javier</title>
		<link>http://www.neverendingbooks.org/index.php/kms-gibbs-zeta-function.html/comment-page-1#comment-5003</link>
		<dc:creator>javier</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 Feb 2008 18:36:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.neverendingbooks.org/index.php/kms-gibbs-zeta-function.html#comment-5003</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;So in an informal way one can say that KMS states are like (normalized) twisted traces?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A small remark, the books by Bratteli are available at his website as (big) pdf files:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;http://folk.uio.no/bratteli/bratrob/VOL-1S~1.PDF
http://folk.uio.no/bratteli/bratrob/VOL-2.pdf&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Also, a naive question I&#039;d like to know &lt;em&gt;your&lt;/em&gt; answer to. Imagine that you are talking about this to people who just finished a first course in algebraic geometry, and once you start talking about the groupring [tex]\mathbb{Q}[\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}] [/tex] someone comes with the following:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ok, we know that the real circle can be defined as the quotient [tex]\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z} [/tex], and that its coordinate ring is the Laurent polynomial ring [tex] \mathbb{R}[x,x^{-1}] [/tex]. Why don&#039;t we consider that quotient to be something like a rational circle and study it using the ring [tex] \mathbb{Q}[x,x^{-1}] [/tex] instead of making all that mess with adeles and the so?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;(In case I wasn&#039;t clear, I am more intrested in the &quot;pedagogical&quot; part on how to answer these questions that in the math of it)&lt;/p&gt;
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>So in an informal way one can say that KMS states are like (normalized) twisted traces?</p>
<p>A small remark, the books by Bratteli are available at his website as (big) pdf files:</p>
<p><a href="http://folk.uio.no/bratteli/bratrob/VOL-1S~1.PDF" rel="nofollow">http://folk.uio.no/bratteli/bratrob/VOL-1S~1.PDF</a><br />
<a href="http://folk.uio.no/bratteli/bratrob/VOL-2.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://folk.uio.no/bratteli/bratrob/VOL-2.pdf</a></p>
<p>Also, a naive question I&#8217;d like to know <em>your</em> answer to. Imagine that you are talking about this to people who just finished a first course in algebraic geometry, and once you start talking about the groupring [tex]\mathbb{Q}[\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}] [/tex] someone comes with the following:</p>
<p>&#8220;Ok, we know that the real circle can be defined as the quotient [tex]\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z} [/tex], and that its coordinate ring is the Laurent polynomial ring [tex] \mathbb{R}[x,x^{-1}] [/tex]. Why don&#8217;t we consider that quotient to be something like a rational circle and study it using the ring [tex] \mathbb{Q}[x,x^{-1}] [/tex] instead of making all that mess with adeles and the so?&#8221;</p>
<p>(In case I wasn&#8217;t clear, I am more intrested in the &#8220;pedagogical&#8221; part on how to answer these questions that in the math of it)</p>
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